Abstract
Background: Acute diarrhoea is the second most prevalent communicable disease and a fourth leading cause of death in India with 10762500 cases and 32218 deaths reported in 2013. Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal illness caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139. This study has been done with the aim of evaluating the serogroups, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, age and gender wise distribution of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera epidemics in Bidar and rural parts of north Karnataka, India during the years 2008 to 2015 till date. Methods & Materials: A total 500 stool samples of cholera outbreak from Year 2008 to 2015 till date were collected and processed at Department of Microbiology, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka, India as per the routine microbiological investigations. The isolates were identified as Vibrio cholerae and confirmed by serological tests with Polyvalent O1, O139 and mono specific Ogawa and Inaba antisera. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done as per the CLSI guidelines. Results: Vibrio cholerae biotype ElTor, sero group O1 grown in 155 samples (31%). Among 155 isolates obtained, of which, 136 (87.74%) were belonged to Ogawa, 13 (8.3%) belonged to Inaba and 06 (03.8%) to Hikozima. The isolates showed Multi drug resistance to Ampicillin (81.93%), Nalidixic acid (66.45%) and Ofloxacin (32.90%) throughout the study period. And Vibrio cholerae isolates showed resistance to Ciprofloxacin (22.58%), Doxycycline (14.83%) and Tetracycline (16.77%) indicating development of resistance of V. Cholerae to the drugs which are commonly used to treat Cholera infection. The infection was predominant in male and among patients age between 0-10 years (26%). Conclusion: This is the first study conducted in the North Karnataka which reflects the importance of control and monitoring of V. cholerae by serogroup and antibiogram typing for policy makers and health professionals of this region as incidence of cholera increased year wise and changing trend in the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of V. cholerae was observed which is due to environmental factors and widespread use of antibiotics.
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