Abstract
Seed development, dormancy, and germination are key physiological events that are not only important for seed generation, survival, and dispersal, but also contribute to agricultural production. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) directly interact with target mRNAs and fine-tune mRNA metabolism by governing post-transcriptional regulation, including RNA processing, intron splicing, nuclear export, trafficking, stability/decay, and translational control. Recent studies have functionally characterized increasing numbers of diverse RBPs and shown that they participate in seed development and performance, providing significant insight into the role of RBP–mRNA interactions in seed processes. In this review, we discuss recent research progress on newly defined RBPs that have crucial roles in RNA metabolism and affect seed development, dormancy, and germination.
Highlights
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) centrally regulate all aspects of RNA metabolism from synthesis to decay [1]
Dysfunctions in one MIR156 subfamily or overexpression of MIR9678 increased seed dormancy and suppressed seed pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) [82,83]. These findings suggest that miRNA biogenesis mediated by double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD)-type RBPs may have an important role in crop seed dormancy and germination
Only few of them have been functionally characterized with respect to seed biology, including seed development, dormancy, and germination regulation (Table 1 and Figure 2)
Summary
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) centrally regulate all aspects of RNA metabolism from synthesis to decay [1]. RBDs include the RNA recognition motif (RRM, known as RBD or ribonucleoprotein (RNP) domain), the hnRNP K homology (KH) domain, the zinc finger motif, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif, Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) boxes, Pumilio/FBF (PUF) domains, and the double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD) [2,3,4,5] Based on these RBDs, bioinformatic analyses have identified more than 800, about 250 putative, and 336 non-redundant RBP genes in the Arabidopsis, rice, and maize genomes, respectively. Transcriptome data have been used to identify more than 12,000 and 17,000 mRNAs in the mature dry seeds of Arabidopsis and rice, respectively [11,12] These stored mRNAs have a pivotal role in the early stages of seed germination, as many proteins that function in germination are initially translated using stored mRNAs as templates. MmRaiNntAainanitds omriaginintaalininittesgorirtiygiannadl tirnatnegslraittyabailnitdy tdruanrisnlagtasebeilditydodrumrainngcyseaendd udnordmeravnacyrioaunsdnuatnudrearl vcoanridoiutisonnsa[t1u4r,a1l5]c.oRnedcietinotnsstu[d14ie,1s5h]a. vReeaclesnotshstouwdnietshahtasveevearlasol dsihffoerwennt tRhBaPt ss,einvcelruadl idnigffPeUreFn,tdRsRBBPDs,, iCnScPluGdRinPg, RPZU, Fan, ddsPRPBRD, h, aCvSePesGseRnPti,aRl fZu,ncatniodnPs PinRs,ehedavdeoremssaennctyiaalnfdungcetrimoninsaitnionse[e1d6,1d7o]r. mOaunrcryevaienwd gtheerrmefionraetifooncu[1s6es,1o7n]. rOeucernrteavdievwantcheesreinfournedfoecrustsaensdoinngretcheenetmadervgainncgersoilnesuonfdRerBsPtasnindisnegedthbeioelmogeyrgainndg reomlepshoafsiRzBesPsseiendsedeedvebliooplomgeynat,nddoermmpanhcays,izaensdsgeeedrmdienvaetlioopnm. ent, dormancy, and germination
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