Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an unconventional T cell subset expressing a semi-invariant TCR and recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by major histocompatibility complex class 1-related molecule (MR1). MAIT cells serve as innate-like T cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity, which have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The involvement of MAIT cells has been described in various infections, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. In this review, we first briefly introduce the biology of MAIT cells, and then summarize their roles in rheumatic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis and dermatomyositis. An increased knowledge of MAIT cells will inform the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches in rheumatology.
Highlights
Rheumatic diseases are a group of multisystem, immune-mediated disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren’s syndrome, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), large vessel vasculitis and systemic vasculitis
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells were observed to be decreased with an activated phenotype in peripheral blood in patients with rheumatic diseases; whether these changes are a cause or an effect remains to be established
Some studies have found that the frequency or the activation level of MAIT cells is consistent with disease severity [44, 51, 59], indicating that MAIT cells may be potential biomarkers for rheumatic disease
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory. Roles of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Rheumatology. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an unconventional T cell subset expressing a semi-invariant TCR and recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by major histocompatibility complex class 1-related molecule (MR1). MAIT cells serve as innate-like T cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity, which have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The involvement of MAIT cells has been described in various infections, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. We first briefly introduce the biology of MAIT cells, and summarize their roles in rheumatic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis and dermatomyositis. An increased knowledge of MAIT cells will inform the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches in rheumatology
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