Abstract
Stem Cell Antigen-1 (Sca-1/Ly6A) was the first identified member of the Lymphocyte antigen-6 (Ly6) gene family. Sca-1 serves as a marker of cancer stem cells and tissue resident stem cells in mice. The Sca-1 gene is located on mouse chromosome 15. While a direct homolog of Sca-1 in humans is missing, human chromosome 8—the syntenic region to mouse chromosome 15—harbors several genes containing the characteristic domain known as LU domain. The function of the LU domain in human LY6 gene family is not yet defined. The LY6 gene family proteins are present on human chromosome 6, 8, 11, and 19. The most interesting of these genes are located on chromosome 8q24.3, a frequently amplified locus in human cancer. Human LY6 genes represent novel biomarkers for poor cancer prognosis and are required for cancer progression in addition to playing an important role in immune escape. Although the mechanism associated with these phenotype is not yet clear, it is timely to review the current literature in order to address the critical need for future advancements in this field. This review will summarize recent findings which describe the role of human LY6 genes—LY6D, LY6E, LY6H, LY6K, PSCA, LYPD2, SLURP1, GML, GPIHBP1, and LYNX1; and their orthologs in mice at chromosome 15.
Highlights
Sca-1 is among the first identified members of the murine lymphocyte antigen-6 (Ly6) gene family [1, 2]
We will focus on the role of human LY6 gene family located on the chromosome 8 namely LY6D, LY6E, LY6H, LY6K, Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), LYPD2, SLURP1, GML, GPIHBP1, and LYNX1 and their orthologs in mice at chromosome 15
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored highdensity lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (Gpihbp1)−/− mice show reciprocal metabolic perturbations in adipose tissue and liver due to defective lipolysis [17]. These results suggest that human GPIHBP1 gene may play important role in the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Molecular Innate Immunity, a section of the journal
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