Abstract
Depression is one of the most frequently observed psychological disorders, affecting thoughts, feelings, behavior and a sense of well-being in person. As per the WHO, it is projected to be the primitive cause of various other diseases by 2030. Clinically, depression is treated by various types of synthetic medicines that have several limitations such as side-effects, slow-onset action, poor remission and response rates due to complicated pathophysiology involved with depression. Further, clinically, patients cannot be given the treatment unless it affects adversely the job or family. In addition, synthetic drugs are usually single targeted drugs. Unlike synthetic medicaments, there are many plants that have flavonoids and producing action on multiple molecular targets and exhibit anti-depressant action by affecting multiple neuronal transmissions or pathways such as noradrenergic, serotonergic, GABAnergic and dopaminergic; inhibition of monoamine oxidase and tropomyosin receptor kinase B; simultaneous increase in nerve growth and brain-derived neurotrophic factors. Such herbal drugs with flavonoids are likely to be useful in patients with sub-clinical depression. This review is an attempt to analyze pre-clinical studies, structural activity relationship and characteristics of reported isolated flavonoids, which may be considered for clinical trials for the development of therapeutically useful antidepressant.
Highlights
Among mental disorders, depression is one of the most commonly known multifaceted disorders which negatively impacts social life, work and health of humans [1,2]
We have focused antidepressant potential of certain flavonoids and to describe the mode of action involved based on pre-clinical studies
Set al. has demonstrated the anti-depressant potential of isoquercitrin, quercetin and rutin isolated from methanolic extract of aerial parts of Hypericum connatum L. in rats, which may be due to their antioxidant potential [95]
Summary
Depression is one of the most commonly known multifaceted disorders which negatively impacts social life, work and health of humans [1,2]. A variety of antidepressants are available for treating depression such as tricyclic antidepressants, selective dopamine reuptake inhibitors, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) [4,5] They exert their anti-depressant action via acting on various neurotransmitter systems, including serotonergic (5-HT), dopaminergic (DA), and noradrenergic (NA) or by inhibiting mono amino oxidase (MAO) enzymes [6]. It is reasonable or comprehensible to stand by to gauge the dose, potency and mechanism of anti-depressants before the introduction of prescription nutraceuticals to any patient, so that nutraceuticals could be started as the first antidepressant treatment [23,24,25,26] All these factors have prompted researchers to find plant base alternatives for antidepressant action. The aim of the present review chapter is to compile potential molecules from literature having beneficial antidepressant action, which would help to develop effective and safe nutraceuticals products to reduce depression in humans
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