Emerging Role of Exosomes in Liquid Biopsy for Monitoring Prostate Cancer Invasion and Metastasis.

Zhengfan Gao,Na Gao,Bairen Pang,Tianli Fan,Yong Li,Jing Li

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.679527

Zhengfan Gao, Na Gao + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.679527

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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid tumor in men. While patients with local PCa have better prognostic survival, patients with metastatic PCa have relatively high mortality rates. Existing diagnostic methods for PCa rely on tissue biopsy and blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection; however, the PSA test does not detect aggressive PCa. Liquid biopsy is a promising technique to overcome tumor heterogeneity in diagnosis, provide more comprehensive information, and track tumor progression over time, allowing for the development of treatment options at all stages of PCa. Exosomes containing proteins and nucleic acids are potential sources of tumor biomarkers. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes play important roles in cell communication and tumor progression and are suitable for monitoring PCa progression and metastasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of exosomal proteins and miRNAs as biomarkers for monitoring PCa invasion and metastasis and discuss their feasibility in clinical diagnosis.

Highlights

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men in Western countries (Culp et al, 2020)
The study of the biologically active molecules of exosomes secreted by PCa patients’ body fluids and/or PCa cells is likely to aid in the development of novel strategies for the monitoring of cancer invasion and metastasis
Storage and retrieval conditions of body fluids and isolated exosomes can affect the characteristics of exosomes, including stability, number of particles, aggregation and function (Yuana et al, 2011, 2015; Vila-Liante et al, 2016)

Summary

Introduction

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men in Western countries (Culp et al, 2020). Lin et al (2019) found that exosomal Caveolin-1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of PCa in an endocrine manner and induces the phenotype and EMT of cancer stem cells (CSCs) through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Results

Conclusion