Emerging Regulatory Mechanisms of N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Cancer Metastasis.

Abstract

Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths and accounts for poor therapeutic outcomes. A metastaticcascadeis a series of complicated biological processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant and conserved epitranscriptomic modification in eukaryotic cells, which has great impacts on RNA production and metabolism, including RNA splicing, processing, degradation and translation. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that m6A plays a critical role in regulating cancer metastasis. However, there is a lack of studies that review the recent advances of m6A in cancer metastasis. Here, we systematically retrieved the functions and mechanisms of how the m6A axis regulates metastasis, and especially summarized the organ-specific liver, lung and brain metastasis mediated by m6A in various cancers. Moreover, we discussed the potential application of m6A modification in cancer diagnosis and therapy, as well as the present limitations and future perspectives of m6A in cancer metastasis. This review provides a comprehensive knowledge on the m6A-mediated regulation of gene expression, which is helpful to extensively understand the complexity of cancer metastasis from a new epitranscriptomic point of view and shed light on the developing novel strategies to anti-metastasis based on m6A alteration.