Emerging progress of carbon nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: synthesis and utilization

Abstract

Abstract In this work, data from experiments concerning carbon components in various forms, including graphite, graphene oxide (GO), active carbon, compilations, and analyses of the substances used as efficient wastewater management agents, are conducted. The initial phase involved characterizing the mentioned carbon compounds and nanoparticles (NPs) using various complementary methods. Raman spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta spectrum research are involved in the approach. The next obstacle was coming up with a very straightforward procedure that would allow us to examine whether carbon NPs behaved in a mixture of effluent water and active sludge regarding hydrodynamic and physiological consequences. Principal component analysis (PCA) (univariate and multivariate) has confirmed the complicated relationships of NPs made of GO with organisms observed in processed wastewater. PCA techniques are used to evaluate experimental outcomes. Utilizing the results from this experiment, several huge-scale studies on how active NPs affect wastewater purification may be designed. Simulations using PCA clearly showed that GO significantly impacts the wastewater technical processes under investigation. It is envisaged that the discoveries will enable the design of clever conservation technologies.