Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and ovarian cancer is the 8th most common cancer affecting women worldwide. This study highlights the changes of trace element levels accompanied by the progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, using micro probe Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence (μSRXRF). The average values for the increase in Ca, Fe and Zn in tumour regions with respect to surrounding regions for the DCIS samples were significantly higher compared to the increase in the IDC samples (P <0.01).This study was also carried out to find a connection between ovarian cancer and breast cancer with respect to the cellular distribution of Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn. For IDC, DCIS and ovarian cases, the statistical analysis reveals a significant increase in the levels of Ca, Cu and Zn concentrations in cancer tissue when compared to the normal surrounding tissue. For Fe, the differences between tumour regions with respect to surrounding regions were found to be not significant in IDC and ovarian cases. In DCIS cases, the results reveal a significant increase in the levels of Fe in cancer tissue when compared to the surrounding normal breast tissue (P <0.01).
Highlights
The most common type of breast cancer for women is mammary ductal carcinoma and it presents in two forms: invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), an infiltrating, malignant and abnormal proliferation of neoplastic cells in the breast tissue; or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a noninvasive, potentially malignant cancer, where abnormal cells are restricted to the ducts
In DCIS cases, the results reveal a significant increase in the levels of Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn levels in DCIS tissue when compared to the surrounding normal breast tissue(P
In the first part of the study, the analysis reveals a significantly higher percentage difference in Ca, Fe and Zn in tumour regions with respect to surrounding regions for the DCIS samples compared to the percentage difference in the IDC samples
Summary
The most common type of breast cancer for women is mammary ductal carcinoma and it presents in two forms: invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), an infiltrating, malignant and abnormal proliferation of neoplastic cells in the breast tissue; or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a noninvasive, potentially malignant cancer, where abnormal cells are restricted to the ducts. For Fe, the differences in between tumour regions with respect to surrounding regions were found to be not significant
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