Abstract

COVID-19 is a new public health crisis caused by the novel respiratory pathogen SARS-CoV-2. It is one of the most significant pandemic events in recent history. The SARS-CoV-2 Beta corona virus was transmitted to humans in the end of 2019 by unknown intermediary host from bats in Wuhan, Hubei province (China). It marked the third major coronavirus source of disaster in the 21stcentury.The three last severe respiratory tract infections caused by the SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 caused high human mortality. Viral genomic sequencing and investigations and the development of advanced vaccine strategies are expected to give us more information on these emerging pathogens and controlling them in the future. The aim of this review is to summarize updated information regarding these emerging human coronaviruses to understand their molecular and structural biology, transmissions and potential vaccine approaches actually developed against the SARS-CoV-2.

Highlights

  • Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the viral order “Nidovirales” and has four genera [1]

  • The virus was identified, and its genome is fully sequenced in 7th January, 2020.The SARS-CoV-2 until now is less pathogenic as compared to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV

  • As there is no defined therapy available, we review in this paper the molecular and structural biology of these viruses and we analyses the development of new vaccine strategies as preventive approaches against the virus and the COVID-19 disease

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Summary

1.Introduction

Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the viral order “Nidovirales” and has four genera (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta coronaviruses) [1] It can provoke many diseases in several species of animals and humans. There are seven HCoVs in the world: the alpha coronaviruses infecting humans are HCoV229E and HCoVNL63 and the beta coronaviruses infecting humans are HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, www.acquirepublications.org/JVVD. The world experienced of CoVs infections that threaten global pandemic in 2002-2003 by SARS-CoV-1and in 2012 by MERS-CoV In both cases, the causative agents SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, respectively were newly identified in the genus Beta corona virus with zoonotic origin [1]. WHO has declared this disease a global health emergency at the end of January 2020.TheInternational Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named the novel coronavirus causing the disease SARS-CoV-2. As there is no defined therapy available, we review in this paper the molecular and structural biology of these viruses and we analyses the development of new vaccine strategies as preventive approaches against the virus and the COVID-19 disease

Emerging human coronavirus infections
Emerging human coronaviruses vaccine challenges
Findings
Conclusion
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