Emerging HER2-directed therapeutic agents for gastric cancer in early phase clinical trials

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction HER2 positive gastric cancer is a distinct subgroup overexpressing the HER2 receptor. For a decade, first-line Trastuzumab was the only licensed HER2-directed therapy for HER2 positive advanced gastric cancer following results from the ToGA trial in 2010 demonstrating a survival benefit when added to chemotherapy. Within the last year, significant advances have taken place in the field of HER2-directed gastric cancer therapy. Areas covered This review discusses pivotal clinical trial results and summarizes current clinical trials of HER2–directed therapy in gastric cancer. Evidence for HER2-directed antibodies, immunotherapy, immune stimulating antibody conjugates, antibody-drug conjugates (including DESTINY trial results), and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are placed into clinical context. Key challenges including resistance mechanisms and drug toxicities are outlined. Search terms ‘HER2’ and ‘gastric cancer’ were entered into ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Google. Only English-language studies were included. Expert Opinion Clinical management of HER2 positive gastric cancer patients is likely to change significantly over the next 5 years. Checkpoint inhibition is likely to be used alongside HER2-directed therapy and chemotherapy first-line in advanced disease. Trastuzumab deruxtecan is likely to be offered second-line and beyond. The sheer number of clinical trials of HER2-directed therapy in gastric cancer are testament to progress and potential.