Emerging findings for the assessment and treatment of pediatric deep neck abscesses.

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to summarize new literature regarding the description, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric deep neck abscesses. Providers should include multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in a differential diagnosis in children suspected of having a retropharyngeal abscess. MRI may guide the proper management of children with deep neck abscesses by more accurately detecting free fluid compared to computed tomography imaging. Factors that may predict the need for surgical management include elevations in white blood cell counts and abscess size more than 3 cm. However, future investigation is necessary to establish consistent guidelines. Medical management is effective in many children, with a new study indicating success using a combination of cefotaxime and rifampicin. Anatomical and age-related risk factors predispose children to the development of deep neck abscesses. Findings from recent studies may aid providers in making an accurate diagnosis and providing proper medical or surgical management of children with these infections.