Emerging Epidemic: Non-Smoker Lung Cancer in India\'s Urban Centres

Abstract

Abstract: Recent research has revealed a concerning trend in the incidence of lung cancer among non-smokers in India, particularly within urban centers. Contrary to the traditional association of lung cancer with smoking, a significant proportion of cases in India are now emerging in individuals with no history of tobacco use. This phenomenon is primarily attributed to severe air pollution, which has become a critical public health issue in many Indian cities. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to increased exposure to airborne pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other carcinogens, which are now recognized as significant risk factors for lung cancer. Genetic predispositions further exacerbate this risk, with studies indicating that certain populations are more susceptible to developing lung cancer due to genetic mutations influenced by environmental exposures. These mutations and biomarkers, such as EGFR and ALK gene rearrangements, have been increasingly identified in Indian non-smoker lung cancer patients, providing critical insights into the disease's etiology and potential targeted therapies. India currently ranks fourth globally in lung cancer prevalence, with urban areas experiencing the highest growth rates. Projections suggest that the incidence of lung cancer will continue to rise, potentially reaching alarming levels by 2025. This emerging epidemic highlights the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies to address air pollution and its associated health risks. Efforts must be directed towards reducing pollution levels through stringent regulatory measures, promoting cleaner technologies, and enhancing public awareness about the health impacts of air pollution. Additionally, implementing widespread screening programs and advancing research on genetic and environmental interactions can aid in early detection and personalized treatment approaches for affected individuals. In conclusion, the rising incidence of lung cancer among non-smokers in urban India signifies a shifting landscape in the disease's epidemiology. Addressing this public health challenge requires an integrated approach that combines environmental, genetic, and healthcare interventions to mitigate the growing burden of lung cancer in non-smoking populations.