Abstract
University education, research and other services are increasingly becoming private goods as opposed to the traditional public goods concept. This trend is a highly debated process, and its consequences for universities are unquestionable. One of the consequences may be the diffusion of entrepreneurship in the higher education sector. The aim of the present paper is to highlight some of the characteristics of this process. Starting with the classics of entrepreneurship literature, Schumpeter defined the entrepreneur as somebody who goes against the stream. A new combination of production factors is the soul of entrepreneurship, and of any changes such as university reforms. Earlier research by Clark shed light on the environment of emerging entrepreneurial universities, which happened to be mainly new, relatively small universities. He found five indicators that are components of entrepreneurial universities. Taking this concept as a point of departure, we extended it in two directions. First, we go back to the economics literature and collect several other indicators/statements about entrepreneurship that are also worth considering in higher education. Second, we present a number of successful entrepreneurial cases of large top universities, looking for other indicators. Summarising these indicators in a table, two reforms of the Corvinus University of Budapest and its predecessors are discussed. Both of the reform processes lasted about five years, and there was a gap of approximately 20 years between the two processes. We would expect this to be successful, as a university needs to be reformed every 20 years, but this was not the case. Wecome to the surprising conclusion that, at least in case of the Corvinus University of Budapest, the two reforms in the socialist period were more entrepreneurial than the reforms we are experiencing now in a market economy environment. The explanation for this situation is twofold: the general socioeconomic environment is not really supportive of reform initiatives, and there is a lack of charismatic leadership.
Highlights
Typologies of universities help university leaders and government policymakers to reflect on the positioning of their institutions and offer useful patterns for scientific analysis. Clark (1998) created three categories of universities: economic, entrepreneurial and service oriented
In 2013, there were nearly 10,000 students studying in these international campuses, and one third of them were foreign students (Christine Ennew, deputy vice-chancellor of the Nottingham University and provost of the Malaysian campus, verbal presentation at a conference organised by the Centre for International Higher Education Studies at the Corvinus University of Budapest, 30 January 2014.) Many countries were positioning themselves as educational hubs (e.g., Singapore) and Malaysia had an ambition to be a major higher education destination by 2020
Global competition and the internationalisation of universities have forced the government and higher education institutions to look for new methods: concepts that might help the country and the university to be more successful
Summary
Univerzitetno izobraževanje, raziskovanje in druge storitve vedno bolj postajajo zasebne dobrine v nasprotju s tradicionalnim konceptom javnega dobrega. Bistvo podjetništva je nova kombinacija proizvodnih dejavnikov in tako je tudi pri vseh drugih spremembah, npr. Kot komponente podjetniških univerz je identificiral pet kazalnikov. Prvič: znova smo analizirali ekonomsko literaturo in zbrali še druge kazalnike/postavke o podjetništvu, ki jih je vredno upoštevati tudi v visokem šolstvu. Drugič: predstavimo nekaj uspešnih podjetniških primerov večjih vrhunskih univerz, pri čemer skušamo najti še druge kazalnike. Potem ko vse te kazalnike združimo v preglednici, analiziramo dve reformi Univerze Corvinus v Budimpešti oziroma njenih predhodnic. Presenetljivo tudi ugotovimo, vsaj ko gre za Univerzo Corvinus v Budimpešti, da sta bili reformi, ki sta potekali v socializmu, bolj podjetniško naravnani kot reforme, ki potekajo zdaj, v okolju tržnega gospodarstva. Razlaga za to je dvojna: splošno socialno-ekonomsko okolje dejansko ne podpira reformnih pobud; obstaja pa tudi pomanjkanje karizmatičnega vodstva. Ključne besede: podjetniška univerza, univerzitetne reforme, vodenje, socialno-ekonomski položaj, Univerza Corvinus v Budimpešti c e p s Journal | Vol.4 | No2 | Year 2014 11
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