Emerging Drug Delivery System: An Enormous Trust for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its coupled comorbidities are a metabolic disorder that is highly prevalent and occurs in the body with high complexity of optimizing increase in glycaemic control because of decreased insulin activity or its low secretion. However, healthcare professionals have been going through the challenge of the mounting plethora of accessible healing options for minimizing hyperglycaemia. This has brought up a challenge responsible for creating difficulties in treating patients with therapeutic inertia. DM has basically been categorized into three sub-types, TYPE I DM, TYPE 2 DM and Gestational diabetes (GD). As TYPE I DM is usually treated through insulin replacement therapy, TYPE 2 DM is treated with various drugs. The highly effective drug therapy for TYPE 2 DM comprises many drugs such as Biguanides, Sulfonylureas, Thiazolidinedione, DDP-4, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, Combination therapy and GD treated with oral drugs. The combination therapy has been developed for those patients who cannot achieve routine therapeutic goals. In spite of the significant therapeutic profit, the conventional method has portrayed differential bioavailability and a short half-life period of the desired drug. The uses of such methods have greater side effects persisting with therapy ineffectiveness and patient non-compliance. Given the pathological complexity of the said DM, alternative approaches such as natural polyphenols and nanotechnology-based therapies are getting noticed, which certainly adds certain benefits for site-specific drug delivery with elevated bioavailability and reduced dosage regimen.