Abstract
Driven by its appealing application in the energy harvesting industry, metal halide perovskite solar cells are attracting increasing attention from various fields, such as chemistry, materials, physics, and energy-related industries. While the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is being investigated often by various research groups, the relationship between the surface structure and the property is still ambiguous and, therefore, becomes an urgent topic due to its wide application in the real environment. Recently, the fine structure characterization of perovskite crystals has been analysed by varying techniques, such as XRD, synchrotron-based grazing incidence XRD, XAFS, and STM, in addition to others. In this review article, we will summarize recent progresses in the monitoring of fine nanostructures of the surface and crystal structures of perovskite films, mainly by XAFS, XRD, and STM, focusing on the discussion of the relationship between the properties and the stability of perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, a prospective is given for the development of experimental approaches towards fine structure characterization.
Highlights
Metal halide perovskite structure has developed rapidly in the past decade since its first usage in solar cells
Much research has been performed on the stability [5,6,7,8], power conversion efficiency (PCE) [9,10], and toxicity [11,12] of the photosensitive film of the perovskite solar cell
The perovskite solar cell is composed of the electrodes, electron transport layer, metal-halide perovskite film, and the hole transport layer
Summary
Metal halide perovskite structure has developed rapidly in the past decade since its first usage in solar cells. It has been acknowledged that perovskite crystals play an important role in the further state-of-the-art techniques to achieve the structure determination of perovskite crystals, which will, promotion of perovskite solar cells’ performance and industrial usage, as perovskite crystals have be discussed and summarized in this review paper. Using perovskite crystals to solve one of the methods ofissues perovskite crystals with considerable on the quality of perovskite crystals, main of instability in perovskite solar cells discussion might be reasonable This the covers from the literature, is how to determine the XRD, crystalGIXRD, quality and and XAFS. STM is that it givesmethods a directofmorphology of thewith perovskite surface with angstrom the quality of perovskite crystals, which are investigated mainly by XRD, GIXRD, and XAFS
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