Emerging architecture for heterogeneous smart cyber-physical systems for industry 5.0

Abstract

Industrial process automation is becoming more advance due to the new technological revolutions like Industrial Internet of things (IIoT), Machine to Machine Communication (M2M), cloud computing, cognitive computing, artificial intelligence, and big little multicore-based ARM processors for embedded applications. Modern IP-enabled sensors, actuators, and controllers are transforming industrial automation into industry 5.0 compliances to attain full autonomy with minimal human intervention. With these emerging technologies, Smart Cyber-Physical System (SCPS) is the most important part of the fourth industrial revolution, where diffident programmed embedded systems are networked together to perform, computation, communication, control, and actuation. In this paper, we proposed a heterogeneous architecture for SCPS, where different electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic processes can be integrated to execute hybrid process dynamics. The proposed architecture is enabled to separate all aspects like computation, control, communication, and actuation, of a process dynamic by estimating the process disturbances, sensor delay, actuator delay, and conversion delay. The allotment of computational embedded cores to different physical processes is done through voltage frequency islands (VFI) with high modularity which is different for different processes. All the mapped process dynamics are optimized through Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). The best implementation of the proposed architecture is the upcoming era of industry 5.0 where human intervention is also in a fold in various industries like petroleum, fertilizer, paper, cement, space exploration, and automobile manufacturing.