Emerging approaches in the diagnosis and therapy in shellfish allergy.

Abstract

Despite the high prevalence of shellfish allergy, the clinical management of seafood allergy has remained unchanged over decades. Here, we examined the current status in the diagnosis and clinical management of shellfish allergy and highlighted the imminent need for more specific diagnostic methods, as well as effective and safe therapeutic approaches for shellfish allergy. With the advancement in the molecular identifications and definition of reactive epitopes of shellfish allergens, new diagnostic designs such as component-resolved diagnosis, basophil activation test (BAT) and the emerging IgE-crosslinking-induced luciferase expression are emerging. Furthermore, various allergen-specific immunotherapy strategies (such as shellfish extracts and allergens, hypoallergens, hypoallergen DNA vaccines, mimotopes and peptide-based therapies) are being explored at preclinical stages whereas limited nonallergen specific immunotherapy approaches are under clinical trials. With an increasing understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms and molecular features of shellfish allergy, the future for developing precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to better manage shellfish allergy is promising.