Abstract
The tremendous impact of natural and anthropogenic organic and inorganic substances continuously released into the environment requires a better understanding of the chemical status of aquatic ecosystems. Water contamination monitoring studies were performed for different classes of substances in different regions of the world. Reliable analytical methods and exposure assessment are the basis of a better management of water resources. Our research comprised publications from 2010 regarding the Lower Danube and North West Black Sea region, considering regulated and unregulated persistent and emerging pollutants. The frequently reported ones were: pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim), pesticides (atrazine, carbendazim, and metolachlor), endocrine disruptors—bisphenol A and estrone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorinated pesticides, and heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cu, Cr). Seasonal variations were reported for both organic and inorganic contaminants. Microbial pollution was also a subject of the present review.
Highlights
The research revealed that sediments from the Black Sea area were much less contaminated with heavy metals than those from the Lower Danube (Romania), attributed to the historical pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities [144]
A total of 32 different sites of MONITOX network were selected in the Lower Danube region and Romanian Black Sea coast for a recent study conducted in June 2019 and
This review showed that pharmaceuticals were determined in the area of study in the following decreasing order of concentrations: carbamazepine >sulfamethoxazole >diclofenac >trimethoprim >ibuprofen
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Caffeine is present in the Lower Danube and tributary waters Both minimum (5.27 ng/L [47] and maximum concentrations (306 ng/L [46]) were reported along the Danube River near Novi Sad in two different studies. Concentrations of PhACs in the river sediments were much lower than the ones found in surface water samples in all reported studies. The presence of EDs in surface waters was reported from early 2001, in Germany rivers (including Danube) with concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 3.6 ng/L E2 and 0.1 to. BPA was reported in five studies in the Low Danube basin including Delta and in one concerning the Romanian Black sea coast, in concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 693 ng/L (Figure 3, right side). 345 ng/L was reported tration of 345 ng/L was reported [26]
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