Emergent aneurysm clipping without angiography in the moribund patient with intracerebral hemorrhage: the use of infusion computed tomography scans.

Abstract

The authors report their experience with 25 patients (mean age, 44.3 +/- 12.1 years) with an intracerebral hematoma (ICH) from a ruptured aneurysm who were emergently operated on without angiography. Instead, preoperative high-resolution infusion computed tomography (CT) scans were used to identify the aneurysm causing the hemorrhage. In all patients, the preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale score was < 5 and brain stem compression was evident. ICH was present in the frontal or temporal lobe and was often associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (n = 17) and significant (> 1 cm) midline shift (n = 18). Infusion CT scans correctly identified the aneurysm in all patients (middle cerebral artery, 18; posterior communicating artery, 2; carotid bifurcation, 3; anterior communicating artery, 2). Partial evacuation of the hematoma guided by infusion CT scan was usually required first to clip the aneurysm definitively using standard microvascular techniques. Intraoperative rupture occurred twice, and temporary clips were used on four occasions. Lobectomy (n = 8), decompressive craniotomy (n = 15), and ventriculostomy (n = 8) were required to control cerebral swelling. All patients underwent postoperative angiography to confirm aneurysm obliteration. Eleven unruptured aneurysms were subsequently identified. Nine had been predicted by infusion scan. Twelve patients survived, eight of whom were only moderately disabled and were independent at 6-months' follow-up. Of the 13 patients who died, all except one died within 4 days of admission. The authors conclude that although angiographic verification before aneurysm surgery is preferable, in the moribund patient with intracerebral hemorrhage, infusion CT scanning provides sufficient information concerning vascular anatomy to allow rational emergency craniotomy and aneurysm clipping.