Emerging Alternaria toxins present in naturally contaminated dried tomatoes and their reduction using cold atmospheric plasma

Abstract

This study investigated the efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment in degrading the emerging Alternaria toxins as pure molecules and as natural contaminants in dried tomatoes. The analyses of 25 batches of dried tomatoes showed that more than 40% of samples were contaminated with tenuazonic acid (TeA), one with Alternariol (AOH), while Tentoxin (TEN), Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and Altenuene (ALT) were not detected. CAP under ozone (O3) and NOx regimes were used to reduce the mycotoxin contamination, the results shown that O3 regime was more effective against all mycotoxins tested, while NOx regime showed different efficacy depending on the specific mycotoxin. The Weibull model proved to be appropriate for the degradation kinetics of all Alternaria toxins, regardless of the kinetic order they possess. Under the O3 regime, the resistance of the mycotoxin was AME > AOH > TEN > TeA > ALT. Our studies have shown for the first time that CAP reduces Alternaria toxins in naturally contaminated dried tomatoes. In particular, the rate of degradation under O3 regime increased significantly with the longest exposure time, reaching 52.80 ± 1.21 % of mycotoxin degradation. Our results expand our knowledge of CAP treatment as a potential means of reducing mycotoxin contamination in food. Further studies will be carried out to investigate the potential mycotoxin degradation products and to ensure food safety.