Abstract
Study objective: To describe the characteristics and curricula of Brazilian Emergency Medicine (EM) residency programs.
 Methods: This was a national cross-sectional survey conducted between January and May 2021. A survey was distributed to residency directors with queries about the characteristics of their programs. Descriptive analysis was performed stratified by Brazilian regions.
 Results: There were a total of 35 responses from the 39 (response rate = 89.7%) EM residency training programs in Brazil. Twelve (34.3%) programs were in the South region, 17 (48.6%) in the Southeast, 3 (8.6%) in the Central-West, and 3 (8.6%) in the Northeast. These 35 programs represented a total of 166 residency slots offered per year (median 4, range 2-24). All programs are of 3-year duration. Seventeen programs (48.6%) were officially launched in either 2019 or 2020. The estimated proportion of faculty with prior EM residency or board certification in EM was reported to be less than 20% in 26 of 35 (74.3%) programs. Only 5 rotations were mandatory across all 35 programs, including rotations in the emergency department (ED) intermediate acuity unit (“yellow” room), ED high acuity unit (“red” room), intensive care unit (ICU), obstetrics and gynecology, and trauma. Other rotations were highly heterogeneous across regions.
 Conclusion: Emergency medicine residency is clearly growing in Brazil, and there is a relatively high level of heterogeneity across programs. There is a clear need for standardization of residency curriculum.
Highlights
Emergency Medicine (EM) is a relatively new medical specialty in most countries in the world
There were a total of 35 responses from the 39 EM residency training programs in Brazil
The estimated proportion of faculty with prior EM residency or board certification in EM was reported to be less than 20% in 26 of 35 (74.3%) programs
Summary
Emergency Medicine (EM) is a relatively new medical specialty in most countries in the world. Its recognition occurred in the end of the 20th century in the United States,[1] but several other countries have yet to formally accept and introduce EM into their healthcare systems.[2,3,4] An important step in the process of EM development is the implementation of formal medical residency programs during which physicians get specialized training on how to provide care for undifferentiated patients of all ages at any time The training of this new specialist - the emergency physician - is among the first steps in a chain of events that can improve the quality of emergency care systems.[4] Residency programs are responsible for this training, and they need to assure that a trained emergency physician has the necessary skills and competencies to practice EM independently.[5] programs need to ensure that the physician will meet the needs of their healthcare systems.[2, 5]
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