Abstract
The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is either a natural phenomenon caused by a solar storm or can be an effect of the deliberately use of destructive weapons. It is a threat to critical infrastructure systems, including transportation. The construction of transportation means continues to pursue the rapidly accelerating economy and ecological demands while increasingly becoming more dependent on electricity and electronics each day. The paper presents a method that enables driving a vehicle after an impact of EMP of high energy, where the standard protection systems like insulations or protection shields are not efficient, and the vehicle electrical system is destroyed. The device called the Emergency Fueling Unit (EFU) is described. EFU was installed and tested on a truck equipped with a six-cylinder, 11 L CI engine. The truck acceleration test results presented in the paper confirm that the EFU could be effectively used to drive the truck in case of the destruction of its electrical system. The paper’s topic also provides an opportunity to reflect on how and why modern vehicles' powertrains, especially commercial vehicles, are exposed to the influence of phenomena that do not occur in everyday life but can have a disastrous impact on means of transportation and our safety.
Highlights
The research problem was an elaboration of an effective method that allows starting and driving a truck equipped with a modern CI engine, with electrical and electronic systems, including the engine control unit (ECU) destroyed by electromagnetic pulse (EMP)
Because it was assumed that using the vehicle standard parts and units after destruction would be impossible, an autonomous emergency fueling unit (EFU) is necessary
The results show the comparison between the velocity and acceleration of the truck powered by the standard engine and with the use of EFU
Summary
The research problem was an elaboration of an effective method that allows starting and driving a truck equipped with a modern CI engine, with electrical and electronic systems, including the ECU destroyed by EMP. The fueling of one-cylinder research engine AVL 5402 with a blend of JP-8 and rapeseed oil allowed controlled self-ignition delay This vegetable oil’s density and kinematic viscosity are much higher than for JP-8 (Table 1). The use of the JP-8/rape oil blend resulted in incomplete combustion, which affected the engine thermal efficiency (ηth) but enabled to realise the proposed idea of air/fuel mixture creation outside the engine cylinder and partial control of its combustion (Fig. 4). The results show the comparison between the velocity and acceleration of the truck powered by the standard engine (fueled with diesel oil injected by pumpinjectors) and with the use of EFU (fueled with JP-8/rapeseed oil blend).
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