Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium responsible for serious problems in poultry farms and is one of the most relevant pathogens causing human opportunistic infections. Poultry has been suggested to be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance bacteria that may aggravate the problem of pseudomonas infection. The present work was applied to investigate the drug resistance among P. aeruginosa isolated from chicks in different poultry farms and its hazard to human health. A total of 460 broiler chicks constituted 46 private farms were examined for the presence of P. aeruginosa infection. Samples were collected from internal organs of broiler chicks subjected to bacteriological examination and identification. Thirty two P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from 183 broiler chicks (39.78%) were positive for isolation of P. aeruginosa constituted 32 positive farms with a prevalence of (69.57%). Antimicrobial drug assay was applied against 14 different antimicrobial agents constituted 10 antibiotic genera. The majority of the isolates were sensitive to 3rd generation quinolones (levofloxacin, Enrofloxacin and Danofloxacin) in incidences 81.25%, 59.375% and 46.875% respectively. The sensitivity to Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin and Tobramycin) ranged from 37.5% to 43.75% while Polymyxins showed 34.375%. The least sensitivity was towards Phenicoles (Florfenicol) and Tetracyclines (Doxycycline), 9.375% for each. Antibiotic resistant pattern of the isolated P. aeruginosa revealed that all the isolates were multidrug resistant with MARindices for most isolates was determined to be > 0.6 indicating the misuse of antibiotics in poultry farms. P. aeruginosa isolates showed complete resistance towards cefotaxime, cefradine, nalidixic acid, and spectinomycin (100% for each) with high resistance rates among sulfamethxazole/ trimethoprim, amoxicillin (96.875, 93.75, respectively), doxycycline and florfenicol (90.625 for each), followed by colistine sulphate, gentamycin, tobramycin, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin with percentages of 68.75, 62.5, 56.25 53.13, 40.6% respectively, which all posing a significant threat to public health. In conclusion poultry farms should take strict measures to improve the management of animal nutrition and production hygiene to overcome possible sources of pseudomonas infection. The misuse of antibiotics leads to the development of resistant bacteria that may transfer from poultry to humans. Strict supervision and enforcement of laws to control antibiotic usage in food chain within established safe levels must be done.
Highlights
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, non-capsulated and non-spore forming bacteria
Pseudomonas is a good example of environment associated infection and may cause a serious problem in poultry farms
A high prevalence of pseudomonas positive farm (69.57%) with high incidence of pseudomonas isolation from which the examined chicks (39.78%) was detected which constitute a hazard for both poultry and public health
Summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, non-capsulated and non-spore forming bacteria. P. aeruginosa is the most predominant pseudomonas species causing mortality among birds specially chickens. P. aeruginosa in chickens is associated with respiratory manifestations, diarrhea and septicemia [2]. The organism is ubiquitous, often associated with soil, water, and humid environments. It is considered to be an opportunistic organism that produces respiratory infections, septicemia and other forms when
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