Abstract

We develop a deterministic theory which accounts for the coupling of a high dimensional continuum of environmental excitations (called gravonons) to massive particle in a very localized and very weak fashion. For the model presented Schrödinger's equation can be solved practically exactly in 11 spacetime dimensions and the result demonstrates that as a function of time an incoming matter wave incident on a screen extinguishes, except at a single interaction center on the detection screen. This transition is reminiscent of the wave - particle duality arising from the ’’collapse” (also called ’’process one”) postulated in the Copenhagen-von Neumann interpretation. In our theory it is replaced by a sticking process of the particle from the vacuum to the surface of the detection screen. This situation was verified in experiments by using massive molecules. In our theory this ”wave-particle transition” is connected to the different dimensionalities of the space for particle motion and the gravonon dynamics, the latter propagating in the hidden dimensions of 11 dimensional spacetime. The fact that the particle is detected at apparently statistically determined points on the screen is traced back to the weakness and locality of the interaction with the gravonons which allows coupling on the energy shell alone. Although the theory exhibits a completely deterministic ”chooser” mechanism for single site sticking, an apparent statistical character results, as it is found in the experiments, due to small heterogeneities in the atomic and gravonon structures.

Highlights

  • In the spirit of Feynman’s statement [1] the double slit experiment contains the essence of quantum mechanics and its unresolved problems

  • A delocalized matter wave is transformed in a particle stuck on a selected site on the detection screen

  • The interference pattern develops in the matter wave between the slits and the screen

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Summary

Introduction

In the spirit of Feynman’s statement [1] the double slit experiment contains the essence of quantum mechanics and its unresolved problems. In the Copenhagen interpretation the time dependent Schrodinger equation takes over again immediately after localization (collapse) and on cold flat surfaces this usually means a plane wave like motion parallel to the surface which is, not observed experimentally. Decoherence theory suggests that the time dependent Schrodinger equation could solve the problem, if coupling to the environmental degrees provided by the screen (surface) has to be included It would calculate the reduced density matrix ρred which just comprises the degrees of freedom of the diffracted field (particle) after summing over the environmental degrees of freedom. Within decoherence theory and especially the quantum Zeno effect, localization of a particle can only be obtained, if the environmental degrees are capable of localizing the particle This is not the case for atoms or small molecules at cold surfaces, where experimentally localization is clearly observed. Decoherence theory cannot explain the experimental findings for localization of atoms and molecules on cold metal surfaces

The Hamiltonian The model Hamiltonian is:
The sticking time problem
Conclusions
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