Abstract
Ilmenite, FeTiO3, is a common mineral in nature, existing as an accessory phase in the most basic igneous and metamorphic rocks, for example, it is derived from the upper mantle. Therefore, an understanding of the high-pressure physics of FeTiO3 is of fundamental importance in the study of rock magnetization. Here, we provide experimental evidence of lattice compression of FeTiO3 powder using super-high-energy ball milling, enabling the very high collision energy of 420 times gravitational acceleration. A sample obtained as an ilmenite- hematite 0.5FeTiO3·0.5Fe2O3 solid solution showed a decrease in molar volume of approximately 1.8%. Consequently, the oxidation state in FeTiO3 powder was changed into almost Fe3+Ti3+, corresponding to 87% Fe3+ of the total Fe for FeTiO3, resulting in the emergence of ferromagnetism. This new ferromagnetic behaviour is of crucial importance in the study of rock magnetization which is used to interpret historical fluctuations in geomagnetism. In addition, the super-high-energy ball mill can be used to control a range of charge and spin states in transition metal oxides with high pressure.
Highlights
Ilmenite, FeTiO3, is a common mineral in nature, existing as an accessory phase in the most basic igneous and metamorphic rocks, for example, it is derived from the upper mantle
We reported that the lattice for trigonal FeTiO3 powder can be compressed by the high collision energy of 150 gravity using super-high-energy ball milling[6], whereas little lattice compression was found for FeTiO3 using conventional high-energy ball milling[7]
This shift in peak position suggests that the trigonal FeTiO3 lattice can be compressed by the collision shock between the balls using super-high-energy ball milling, leading to charge transfer from Fe2+Ti4+ to Fe3+Ti3+ in FeTiO3 with high pressure
Summary
FeTiO3, is a common mineral in nature, existing as an accessory phase in the most basic igneous and metamorphic rocks, for example, it is derived from the upper mantle. The oxidation state in FeTiO3 powder was changed into almost Fe3+Ti3+, corresponding to 87% Fe3+ of the total Fe for FeTiO3, resulting in the emergence of ferromagnetism This new ferromagnetic behaviour is of crucial importance in the study of rock magnetization which is used to interpret historical fluctuations in geomagnetism. The oxidation state in FeTiO3 powder was changed into almost Fe3+Ti3+, resulting in the emergence of ferromagnetism This magnetic behaviour with high pressure is of crucial importance in the study of rock magnetization which is used to interpret historical fluctuations in geomagnetism[8,9]. A super-high-energy ball mill can be used to control a range of charge and spin states in transition metal oxides with high pressure, yielding the emergence of a large spectrum of functionalities such as metal-insulator transitions[10], superconductivity[11], thermoelectricity[12], and multiferroicity[13] as well as magnetism
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