Emergence of Candida glabrata in vulvovaginal candidiasis should be attributed to selective pressure or virulence ability?

Abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most frequent female genital disorders and Candida glabrata is the second most common agent. Current study was aimed to study the susceptibility to antifungal agents of C. glabrata isolated from vaginal samples and some virulence attributes in order to better understand why this species is emerging as the main VVC agents. A total of 60 C. glabrata vaginal isolates were included in this study. Firstly they were screened by susceptibility tests to antifungal agents. The isolates that showed sensitivity or resistance to fluconazole were evaluated for their virulence potential, including ability to adhere to polystyrene and vaginal ring, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and capacity to form biofilm. Candida glabrata isolates varied significantly in adherence capacity, biofilm formation and CSH. However, it was possible to observe that isolates resistant to fluconazole adhered more efficiently to the vaginal ring and were statistically more able to form biofilm. These results allow hypothesizing that C. glabrata is an emergent agent in VVC probably because the treatment with fluconazole selects this species. But once adhered, yeasts remain on biotic or abiotic surfaces causing colonization or VVC symptomatology.