Abstract
Tissue regeneration of damaged tissues or complete reconstruction of the organs is the major concern in the human health-care-systems. The role of scaffold, cell, and growth factors decide the final fate of engineered tissues similar to native tissues depending on how they are formulated, arranged and fabricated. In the last decade, 3D printing technique has attracted a great attention to print scaffolds quickly, efficiently, and mass production of fabricated scaffolds with reproducibility as compared to conventional techniques. Further, based on this concept, 3D bioprinting followed by 4D bioprinting have emerged by precise positioning of biomaterials, cells, and biochemical with spatial control in making 3D bio-construct. In this mini-review, the overview of the basic principles of emerged bioprinting techniques, applications, limitations and future perspectives in tissue engineering field are precisely reviewed.
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