Abstract
Sunspot proper motions and flares of a super active region NOAA 5395—the largest and most flare-active region in the 22d sunspot cycle—were analyzed in detail. We measured sunspot proper motions by using the Hα - 5.0 A images obtained with the 60 cm Domeless Solar Telescope (DST) at Hida Observatory, Kyoto University and found some peculiar vortex-like motions of small satellite spots, which successively emerged from the leading edge of this sunspot group. To explain these motions of small sunspots, we proposed a schematic model of the successive emergence of twisted and winding magnetic flux loops coiling around a trunk of a magnetic flux tube. The location of the strongest flare activity was found to coincide with the site of the vortex-like motions of sunspots. We conclude that the flare-productive magnetic shear is produced by the emergence of the twisted magnetic flux bundle. Magnetic energy is stored in the twisted flux bundle, which is originally formed in the convection zone and released as flares in the course of the emergence of the twisted flux bundle above the photosphere.
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