Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) transmission is ubiquitous throughout the tropics. More than 70% of the current global dengue disease burden is borne by people who live in the Asia-Pacific region. We sequenced the E gene of DENV isolated from travellers entering Western Australia between 2010–2012, most of whom visited Indonesia, and identified a diverse array of DENV1-4, including multiple co-circulating viral lineages. Most viruses were closely related to lineages known to have circulated in Indonesia for some time, indicating that this geographic region serves as a major hub for dengue genetic diversity. Most notably, we identified a new lineage of DENV-2 (Cosmopolitan genotype) that emerged in Bali in 2011–2012. The spread of this lineage should clearly be monitored. Surveillance of symptomatic returned travellers provides important and timely information on circulating DENV serotypes and genotypes, and can reveal the herald wave of dengue and other emerging infectious diseases.
Highlights
Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease of humans
An estimated 390 million infections occur annually, and over 70% of the current global dengue disease burden is borne by people who live in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region
Many countries in the Southeast Asia and Western Pacific region are popular tourist destinations, and dengue has been identified as a cause of travel-related illness in people returning from endemic countries
Summary
Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. More than 70% of the current global dengue disease burden is borne by people who live in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region [2], where dengue incidence has increased consistently since 2000. There are four DENV serotypes (DENV1–4), and each DENV serotype can further be subdivided into distinct genotypes, and lineages within the genotypes, largely based on phylogenetic analysis of envelope (E) gene sequences [3,4,5,6]. Analyses of E gene sequences have revealed that DENV-1 and DENV-2 can be divided into five and six genotypes, respectively, and DENV-3 and DENV-4 into four genotypes, including the sylvatic lineages found in non-human primates
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