Abstract
Recently, Padmanabhan [arXiv:1206.4916 [hep-th]] argued that the expansion rate of the universe can be thought of as the emergence of space as cosmic time progresses and is related to the difference between the surface degrees of freedom on the holographic horizon and the bulk degrees of freedom inside. The main question arises as to what is the origin of emergence of space in 4D universe. We answer this question in BIonic system. The BIon is a configuration in flat space of a D-brane and a parallel anti-D-brane connected by a thin shell wormhole with F-string charge. We propose a new model that allows that all degrees of freedom inside and outside the universe are controlled by the evolutions of BIon in extra dimension and tend to degrees of freedom of black F-string in string theory or black M2-brane in M-theory.
Highlights
Padmanabhan [arXiv:1206.4916] argued that the expansion rate of the universe can be thought of as the emergence of space as cosmic time progresses and is related to the difference between the surface degrees of freedom on the holographic horizon and the bulk degrees of freedom inside
Following Padmanabhan proposal, some authors generalized the basic relation to derive the Friedmann equations of an (n + 1)-dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe corresponding to general relativity, Gauss-Bonnet gravity, and Lovelock gravity [2]
In another paper, researchers applied this method to a non flat universe, and modified the evolution equation to lead to the Friedmann equation [5]
Summary
We will search the role of wormholes in emergency of cosmic space and show that they are the main causes of expansion of universe. As is obvious from this equation, the energy density depends on the temperature of BIon and any enhancement or decrease in this density can be a signature of some interactions between two universes in extra dimension The reason of this is that with the moving of two branes in the directions to each other, radiation of energy from wormhole raises and obtains the large values near the colliding point. If one compares the mass densities for BIon to the mass density for the F-strings, one will see that the thermal D3-F1 configuration at σ = σ0 behaves like k F-strings and σ0 should have the following dependence on the temperature as : σ0 = At this point, we can obtain the the degrees of the surface, degrees of freedom on the holographic horizon and the bulk degrees of freedom inside the universe as ( here, we have assumed infinitely thin shell wormhole that connect these branes ) : σ0+ǫ dσ dMBIon →. This means that universe evolves by the the phenomenological events and wormholes in extra dimension and ends up in one black F-string
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