Abstract
Ras proteins control a complex intracellular signaling network. Gain-of-function mutations in RAS genes lead to RASopathy disorders in humans, including Noonan syndrome (NS). NS is the second most common syndromic cause of congenital heart disease. Although conditional expression of the NrasG12D/+ mutation in adult hematopoietic system is leukemogenic, its effects on embryonic development remain unclear. Here, we report that pan-embryonic expression of endogenous NrasG12D/+ by Mox2-Cre in mice caused embryonic lethality from embryonic day (E) 15.5 and developmental defects predominantly in the heart. At E13.5, NrasG12D/+; Mox2Cre/+ embryos displayed a moderate expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells without a significant impact on erythroid differentiation in the fetal liver. Importantly, the mutant embryos exhibited cardiac malformations resembling human congenital cardiac defects seen in NS patients, including ventricular septal defects, double outlet right ventricle, the hypertrabeculation/thin myocardium, and pulmonary valve stenosis. The mutant heart showed dysregulation of ERK, BMP, and Wnt pathways, crucial signaling pathways for cardiac development. Endothelial/endocardial-specific expression of NrasG12D/+ caused the cardiac morphological defects and embryonic lethality as observed in NrasG12D/+; Mox2Cre/+ mutants, but myocardial-specific expression of NrasG12D/+ did not. Thus, oncogenic NrasG12D mutation may not be compatible with embryonic survival.
Highlights
Normal cardiac development is critical for proper cardiac function and embryo viability, which is regulated by complex biological processes including signaling transduction pathways
Pan-Embryonic Expression of NrasG12D/+ Leads to Embryonic Lethality Between E15.5 and E17.5
We previously reported that pan-embryonic expression of NrasG12D/+ driven by Mox2Cre beginning at E5 resulted in no live neonatal mice (Wang et al, 2011b), suggesting embryonic lethality of the mutants
Summary
Normal cardiac development is critical for proper cardiac function and embryo viability, which is regulated by complex biological processes including signaling transduction pathways. Congenital cardiac defects are one of the most common forms of human birth defects (Benjamin et al, 2017). The genetic basis responsible for congenital cardiac defects is not fully understood. The identification of molecular pathways critical for normal heart development could potentially lead to mechanistic discoveries underlying human congenital heart disease as well as novel therapies. Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with an incident of 1:1,000-2,500 live births (Baban et al, 2019). It is characterized by multiple defects with variable penetrance, including
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