Embryo production and quality of Holstein heifers and cows supplemented with β-carotene and tocopherol

Abstract

The hypothesis was that the intramuscular injection (i.m.) of β-carotene associated to tocopherol improves cow ( n = 86) and heifer ( n = 91) embryo production and quality. Time of estrus was synchronized in animals with an ear implant with 3 mg of norgestomet associated with an i.m. injection of 6 mg of norgestomet and 10 mg of estradiol valerate (CRESTAR ®, Intervert International B.V., Boxmeer, Holland) and superovulated by 8 i.m. FSH/LHp injections (400 IU-heifers and 500 IU-cows) in decreasing concentrations at 12 h intervals. Animals were inseminated 12 and 24 h after observed onset of estrus and embryos recovered 7 days later. Animals were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: (1) vegetable oil vehicle (control), (2) 800 mg of β-carotene and 500 mg of tocopherol (T800) and (3) 1200 mg of β-carotene and 750 mg of tocopherol (T1200). Supplemental injections were given at the day norgestomet implants were inserted and at first superovulatory injection. An index (Embryo Quality Index or EQI) was proposed to more precisely evaluate embryo quality (excellent*1 + good*2 + regular*3 + poor*4 + degenerate*5 + unfertilized ova*5)/total. There was an interaction between physiological stage (heifer or cow) and treatment on EQI ( P = 0.01) and on the proportion of viable embryos ( P = 0.03), where both variables were improved in T1200 cows, but not in heifers. The average EQI for heifers and cows in control, T800 and T1200 were 2.6 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.3; 2.5 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.3; 2.9 ± 0.3 and 2.7 ± 0.3, respectively. The average total number of viable embryos was greater ( P = 0.01) in supplemented cows (3.5 ± 1.1; 5.4 ± 1.4 and 7.5 ± 1.2 in control, T800 and T1200, respectively), but less ( P = 0.01) in heifers (7.5 ± 1.2; 5.6 ± 1.2 and 4.0 ± 1.1 in control, T800 and T1200, respectively). Supplementation injections of β-carotene associated to tocopherol improved embryo quality in superovulated Holstein cows, in the present experimental conditions and may be advantageous in similar embryo production systems. However, at dosages applied in the present experiment, this treatment should not be recommended for nuliparous heifers.