Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the location of transferred embryos under various parameters during embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF) by applying an in vitro experimental model for embryo transfer (ET).MethodsMock ET simulations were conducted with a laboratory model of the uterine cavity. The transfer catheter was loaded with a sequence of air and liquid volumes, including development-arrested embryos donated by patients. The transfer procedure was recorded using a digital video camera. An orthogonal design, including three independent variables (uterine orientation, distance of the catheter tip to the fundus, and injection speed) and one dependent variable (final embryo position), was applied.ResultsThe uterine cavity was divided into six regions. The distribution of the transferred matter within the uterine cavity varied according to the uterine orientation. Medium speed-injected embryos were mostly found in the static region while fast- and slow-speed injected embryos were mostly found in the fundal region and the cervical-left region, respectively. The possibility of embryo separation from the air bubble increased from 11.1% in slow injection cases to 29.6% and 48.1% in medium and fast injection cases, respectively.ConclusionThe experimental model provides a new method for investigating ET procedures. Fast injection of embryos into a retroverted uterus may be more likely to result in embryo separation from the air bubble.
Highlights
Many aspects of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure have progressed significantly over the past 30 years
It is generally accepted that the fundal endometrium is suitable for implantation because of the expression of important factors related to implantation, and there is a tendency for lower endometrial wavelike activity and higher endometrial tissue blood flow in the fundal endometrium [15, 16]
The in vitro laboratory mock system could provide a better understanding of the scientific phenomena that occur within the uterus due to controllable parameters of the embryo transfer (ET) protocol
Summary
Many aspects of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure have progressed significantly over the past 30 years. The technique of embryo transfer (ET), a simple yet critical. Embryo location: An in vitro simulation element of IVF, has remained relatively unchanged. A transfer catheter loaded with embryos is inserted through the cervical canal and advanced into the uterine cavity where the embryos are deposited. The transfer catheter is usually loaded using a ‘three-drop technique’, in which the drop of medium containing the embryo(s) is separated from the preceding and following drops of medium with an air bubble [1]. After the embryo(s) have been slowly released into the uterine cavity, the catheter is withdrawn and handed to the embryologist, who inspects it for retained embryo(s)
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