Abstract
Animal models of human diseases are vital in better understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis and essential for evaluating and validating potential therapeutic interventions. As close relatives of humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) play an increasingly indispensable role in advancing translational medicine research. In this review, we summarized the progress of NHP models generated by embryo engineering, analyzed their unique advantages in mimicking clinical patients, and discussed the remaining gap between basic research of NHP models to translational medicine.
Highlights
Animal models of human diseases are the most important foundation for revealing the pathogenesis of diseases and exploring more effective therapeutic strategies
By studying those five Huntington’s disease (HD) monkey models, Yang et al found that the levels of mutant HTT in the tissues seem to be associated with the severity of illness
Many rodent disease models, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Rett syndrome (RTT), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and ADS, are not able to recapitulate the same process in humans, leading to difficulties in using rodents to study these diseases
Summary
Animal models of human diseases are the most important foundation for revealing the pathogenesis of diseases and exploring more effective therapeutic strategies. The available approaches to generate animal models of human disease generally include spontaneous animal models [1, 2], induced animal models [3–7], and embryo engineering animal models. Animal models with spontaneous mutation are formed in nature without human intervention. They could reflect clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease, they have shortcomings of difficult sources and few types, which greatly limit their applications. Chemical and physical methods can generate animal models in a short time but they are difficult to reveal the disease process. We systematically reviewed the research progress of generating NHP disease models using embryo engineering and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the NHP models. Solutions to NHP model construction problems and potential applications of NHP models in translational medicine are prospected
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