Abstract
An attempt was done to develop a micropropagation protocol for oak using embryo culture. Oak is considered a hard-to-root woody plant by conventional propagation methods, that’s why using tissue culture techniques is a very suitable alternative method. For oak embryo culture, WPM was used and found to be better than MS medium for embryo germination which gave 66.13%. As well as adding of GA3 to the medium improved the germination rate of embryos (43.25% and 82.25 %). At initiation stage, WPM was used and found to be the best medium by giving the highest number of shoots/ explant which was 1.80, the highest number of leaves (15.17 leaves/ explant) and the longest shoots (1.42 cm) followed by MS medium then GD which gave the lowest parameters which gave 0.98 shoots/ explant, 7.20 leaves/ explant and 1.06 cm shoot length. At shoot multiplication stage, BA was better than Kinetin for multiplication of oak explants. The addition of BA at 3 mg.l-l gave the highest number of shoot and leaves which were 3.33 and 26.11 respectively. The longest shoots were achieved when 4.5 mg.l-l of BA was used. Furthermore, kinetin at 3 and 4.5 mg-l gave the lowest parameters which were 1 cm in length and 1.54 leaves/ explant. For rooting stage, NAA was better than IAA in giving better parameters and rooting percentage. The highest number of roots and rooting percentage were achieved when 1 mg.l-l was added by giving 6 roots/ explant and 100% rooting percentage. While the longest roots were achieved when 0.5 mg.l-l of NAA was used (3.67 cm) followed by 1.5 mg.l-l IAA which gave 3.55 roots/ explant with rooting percentage 90%. The produced plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the open-air conditions with a rate reached 85%.
Highlights
Quercus aegilops belongs to the Fagaceae family and the Fagales genus which is one of the most important genera in the Mediterranean forest
Embryo culture is one of the earliest forms of in vitro culture applied to practical problems and is probably the tissue culture technique that has proven of greatest value to breeders (7)
Published researches suggested that the addition of auxins is essential for in vitro oak rooting (22 and 14).The current study was aimed to improve a micropropagation protocol for this important forest tree from explants grown from embryo culture by testing various culture media and different plant growth regulators
Summary
Quercus aegilops belongs to the Fagaceae family and the Fagales genus which is one of the most important genera in the Mediterranean forest. Trees require long periods of time to reach reproductive maturity and there are no efficient methods for the vegetative propagation of oak species (6). For these reasons, in vitro propagation could be an attractive alternative to solve these problems and to allow the rapid multiplication of Valonia oak. Published researches suggested that the addition of auxins is essential for in vitro oak rooting (22 and 14).The current study was aimed to improve a micropropagation protocol for this important forest tree from explants grown from embryo culture by testing various culture media and different plant growth regulators. The pots were placed in a sterilized box under a polyethylene cover and during the first week the plantlets were foliar sprayed with quarter strength WPM salts as needed and in the second week the plastic cover was poured and removed
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