Abstract
Moisture causes detuning and increased losses in textile antennas, and it affects resonant and wideband textile antennas differently. In this work, we studied the effect of moisture on a resonant textile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) and a wideband textile monopole antenna. Both antennas were manufactured by embroidering conductive yarn in denim textile. The input reflection coefficient, antenna gain, and gain patterns were measured on both antennas for different moisture contents. The results show that wideband antennas are less affected by moisture in comparison with resonant antennas. For communications applications, large moisture content in the textile antenna should be avoided; therefore a flexible, textile-based waterproofing antenna cover was proposed, manufactured, and tested. On the other hand, the effect of antenna detuning by moisture can be used for moisture-sensing application. This concept was demonstrated on the resonant textile PIFA in transmission and reflection setups, showing that the reflection setup gives better results.
Highlights
Modern personal communications, wireless sensors, and other wireless devices need a large number of antennas to be connected to wireless networks or to the Internet-ofThings
BothResults antennas, the planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) and the monopole, are excited by an SMA connector placed in the plane of the antenna
The input reflection coefficient of the PIFA was measured for different moisture contents
Summary
Wireless sensors, and other wireless devices need a large number of antennas to be connected to wireless networks or to the Internet-ofThings. In the future will inevitably be, integrated in many different devices, as well as on the human body and on clothes [1]. Such antennas have to be lightweight and flexible. Conductive and non-conductive textiles are porous, ; water and water vapor penetrate into the material, which results in increased losses and changes in the material dielectric properties. This in turn results in a change of the input impedance, gain, and radiation patterns of the textile antenna
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