Embracing diversity: Exploring attitudes and beliefs toward transgender and gender-diverse people in the LGBTQIA + communities

Abstract

Introduction LGBTQIA + communities can be considered collectivist communities, transcending geographical limitations and characterized by shared values, traits, and experiences. Community resources play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of stress and fostering positive health outcomes from exposure to hostile environments. However, not all members of LGBTQIA + communities have equal access to these resources, particularly transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Method The present study explores the mechanism of discrimination and inclusion of transgender and gender-diverse minorities in a population of 1,486 gender and sexual minoritized individuals residing in Italy. Participants completed an anonymous online questionnaire regarding sociodemographics and identitarian factors and their levels of psychological sense of community, social justice, binary genderism and transphobia, and gender and sex diversity beliefs. Results Being younger, trans or gender-diverse, being a LGBTQIA + activist, and experiencing multiple systems of oppression proved to be related to stronger bonds with LGBTQIA + communities, higher levels of social justice, less rejective and discriminating attitudes, and stronger inclusive beliefs toward gender minoritiezed groups. Moreover, the mediation models highlighted the positive direct influence of psychological sense of community on promoting inclusive attitudes and beliefs and its indirect positive effect through social justice. Discussion The study reflects on the pivotal role of psychological sense of community and social justice as building blocks of inclusive attitudes toward transgender and gender-diverse individuals.