Embolisation of Symptomatic Pelvic Veins in Women Presenting with Non-saphenous Varicose Veins of Pelvic Origin – Three-year Follow-up

Abstract

To evaluate the clinical results of embolisation of symptomatic, incompetent pelvic veins in women presenting with perineal veins. Twenty-four women presenting with non-saphenous perineal varicose veins and who experienced pelvic vein syndrome were treated. Symptoms was scored on a visual analogue scale assessing dyspareunia, pelvic and lower limb pain. Lower limb varices were investigated by duplex ultrasonography. Pelvic veins were studied by pelvic vein angiography with simultaneous embolisation of incompetent veins. Ovarian and internal iliac veins were systematically embolised when incompetent. Follow-up assessment of symptoms and varices was carried out at 1, 2 and 3 years. All patients presented with perineal veins, 2 with sciatic vein incompetence and 2 with a perforator of the thigh or buttock. Pelvic venous angiography was performed via right femoral access in 87% of the cases and confirmed the presence of incompetent ovarian and internal iliac veins. The mean number of coils used per vein was 6 and all were successfully embolised. No serious complications were encountered. The mean clinical improvement score was 80%, 77%, 80% and 76% at respectively 45 days, 1, 2 and 3-year follow-up. In women of reproductive age, non-saphenous varicose veins associated with pelvic venous incompetence (PVI) should undergo pelvic vein investigation. In this clinical series we achieved a satisfactory improvement in symptoms after 3 years following treatment of incompetent pelvic veins.