Embedding resilience in the design of the electricity supply for industrial clients.

Márcio das Chagas Moura,Isis Didier Lins,Helder Henrique Lima Diniz,Enrique López Droguett,Beatriz Sales da Cunha,Vicente Ribeiro Simoni,Igor Linkov

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188875

Abstract

This paper proposes an optimization model, using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), to support decisions related to making investments in the design of power grids serving industrial clients that experience interruptions to their energy supply due to disruptive events. In this approach, by considering the probabilities of the occurrence of a set of such disruptive events, the model is used to minimize the overall expected cost by determining an optimal strategy involving pre- and post-event actions. The pre-event actions, which are considered during the design phase, evaluate the resilience capacity (absorption, adaptation and restoration) and are tailored to the context of industrial clients dependent on a power grid. Four cases are analysed to explore the results of different probabilities of the occurrence of disruptions. Moreover, two scenarios, in which the probability of occurrence is lowest but the consequences are most serious, are selected to illustrate the model’s applicability. The results indicate that investments in pre-event actions, if implemented, can enhance the resilience of power grids serving industrial clients because the impacts of disruptions either are experienced only for a short time period or are completely avoided.

Highlights

Systems such as those for the distribution of electricity, water, oil, material supplies, and electronic communications correspond to Critical Infrastructures (CIs) by providing fundamental services to the economy and the routine operation of society
Many elements of CIs take the form of networks [1], with dependency among nodes and links, which in turn are usually interconnected with other networks
This paper focuses on setting a resilience-based strategy that determines the appropriate pre-event actions that have the potential to minimize impact on the system (IS) by considering the capacities for resilience previously presented

Summary

Introduction

Systems such as those for the distribution of electricity, water, oil, material supplies, and electronic communications correspond to Critical Infrastructures (CIs) by providing fundamental services to the economy and the routine operation of society. Many elements of CIs take the form of networks [1], with dependency among nodes and links, which in turn are usually interconnected with other networks. Resilience and design in electric power supply network. In this context, Electric Power Supply Networks (EPSNs) are especially critical because other CIs rely on electricity to manage and operate their processes [5]. The impact of power outages on the manufacturing industry involves losses of output volume and quality, inventory and asset damage, and production delays and inconveniences [7]

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Conclusion