Elucidation of pathological alterations and ameliorative efficacy of cow urine distillate following sub-chronic exposure of imidacloprid in white leghorn cockerels

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the pathological changes induced by intoxication of imidacloprid in white leghorn cockerels following sub-chronic exposure for a period of sixty days. Day old 40 chicks were randomly divided into five groups. Group I was kept as control, group II and III were provided with imidacloprid @ 1/10th and 1720th of LD50 respectively and whereas group IV and V were given imidacloprid @1/10* and 1720th of LD50 dose with cow urine distillate treatment @1 ml/bird/day, respectively for a period of sixty days continuously by oral dosing. At the end of 60 day the birds were sacrificed and organs as liver and kidney was collected for histopathological and electron microscopic examination. The histopathological examination of liver revealed degeneration, necrosis of hepatocytes and distortion of hepatic cord with haemorrhages congestion of central vein in group II and III, whereas the changes were mild in treatment groups IV and V. Group II and III showed degeneration of tubular epithelium and glomerular tuft, interstitial haemorrhages in kidney, whereas, the lesions were mild in nature in treatment group birds in group IV and V. The electron microscopic examination revealed adherence of erythrocytes over the surface of hepatocytes and nephrocytes in groups II and III. The changes in group IV and V were mild in nature. The study concluded that the daily use of cow urine distillate proves to be a better agent for hepato- and nephro-protective purposes.