Abstract
The past two years have witnessed unprecedentedly rapid development of organic–inorganic halide perovskite–based solar cells. The solution–processability and high efficiency make this technology extraordinarily attractive. The intensive investigations have accumulated rich experiences in the perovskite fabrication; while the mechanism of the chemical synthesis still remains unresolved. Here, we set up the chemical equation of the synthesis and elucidate the reactions from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Our study shows that gaseous products thermodynamically favour the reaction, while the activation energy and “collision” probability synergistically determine the reaction rate. These understandings enable us to finely tune the crystal size for high-quality perovskite film, leading to a record fill factor among similar device structures in the literature. This investigation provides a general strategy to explore the mechanism of perovskite synthesis and benefits the fabrication of high–efficiency perovskite photoactive layer.
Highlights
The past two years have witnessed unprecedentedly rapid development of organic–inorganic halide perovskite–based solar cells
The recent exploitation of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite in solar energy conversion arouses new academic curiosity1,2, which is mainly stimulated by the achievable power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 20%3,4, comparable to the conventional vacuum deposited thin film solar cells based on Si (21.2%), CIGS (20.8%) and CdTe (20.4%
X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows typical [110] and [220] peaks centered at 14.1o and 28.4o (Fig. 1a
Summary
The past two years have witnessed unprecedentedly rapid development of organic–inorganic halide perovskite–based solar cells. Our study shows that gaseous products thermodynamically favour the reaction, while the activation energy and “collision” probability synergistically determine the reaction rate These understandings enable us to finely tune the crystal size for high-quality perovskite film, leading to a record fill factor among similar device structures in the literature. This investigation provides a general strategy to explore the mechanism of perovskite synthesis and benefits the fabrication of high–efficiency perovskite photoactive layer. Afterwards, we analyze the reaction from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives and discover their impacts on film formation behavior With these understandings, a method to precisely control the crystal size domain for optimal device performance is developed, which leads to an improvement of the device efficiency by 22.3%
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