Abstract
A method of elongational rheometry suitable for the characterization of the behavior of viscoelastic polymer solutions in elongational flows is presented. The rheometer, which can also be used with Newtonian fluids, optically measures the temporal evolution of the diameter of a liquid thread. From measurements with viscoelastic fluids, the relaxation time and the steady terminal elongational viscosity of the liquid are deduced. The mutual dependency of the two quantities is different for nonionic and ionic polymers, which exhibit, respectively, flexible and rigid behavior in elongational flows. The influence of the molecular flexibility on the behavior of the polymers in elongational flows can therefore be identified from the measurement results. It is shown that the measured quantities are suitable for characterizing the viscoelastic liquid behavior in elongational flows with free surfaces, which occur, e.g., in liquid atomization by prefilming atomizers.
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