Abstract
Courtship in male Pardosa xerampelina is stimulated by a contact sex pheromone laid down by the female, though visual cues also play a part. There is a short period of immobility, followed by the extension and raising of the pedipalps, one after the other. The male then makes a short run toward the female, his tarsi making an audible sound on the substratum. This sequence is repeated one or more times until the male is very close to the female, when he drums on the substratum (also producing a sound), taps the legs and cephalothorax of the female with his anterior legs, and mounts at once.
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