Elliptical Higher-Order-Spectra Periocular Code

Faisal Mansour Algashaam,Jasmine Banks,Kien Nguyen,Vinod Chandran

doi:10.1109/access.2017.2697898

Faisal Mansour Algashaam, Jasmine Banks + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2697898

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Abstract

The periocular region has recently emerged as a standalone biometric trait, promising attractive tradeoff between the iris alone and the entire face, especially for cases where neither the iris nor a full facial image can be acquired. This advantage provides another dimension for implementing a robust biometric system performed in non-ideal conditions. Global features [local binary pattern (LBP), Histogram of Gradient (HOG)] and local features have been introduced; however, the performance of these features can deteriorate for images captured in unconstrained and less-cooperative conditions. A particular set of higher order spectral (HOS) features have been proved to be invariant to translation, scale, rotation, brightness level shift, and contrast change. These properties are desirable in the periocular recognition problem to deal with the non-ideal imaging conditions. This paper investigates the HOS features in different configurations for the periocular recognition problem under non-ideal conditions. Specifically, we introduce a new sampling approach for the periocular region based on an elliptical coordinate. This non-linear sampling approach is then combined with the robustness of the HOS features for encoding the periocular region. In addition, we also propose a new technique for combining left and right perioculars. The proposed feature-level fusion approach is based on the state-of-the-art bilinear pooling technique to allow efficient interaction between the features of both perioculars. We show the validity of the proposed approach in encoding discriminant features outperforming or comparing favorably with the state-of-the-art features on the two popular data sets: Face Recognition Grand Challenge and Japanese Female Facial Expression.

Highlights

Biometrics has been shown to be critical to deal with the increasing incidents of fraud challenges in highly secure identity authentication systems
While the global features such as Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Histogram of Gradient (HOG) [5] are extracted from the whole image or region of interest (ROI), the local features are extracted from a set of discrete points using such approaches as Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) [6] and Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) [7]
The remaining of this paper is structured as follows: Section II reviews state-of-the-art approaches in periocular recognition; Section III provides technical background on Higher Order Spectra features; Section IV presents the proposed approach, Elliptical Higher-order-spectra Periocular Code, in recognizing perioculars; Section V explains a wide range of experiments on two databases: Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) and Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC); and Section VI concludes the paper

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Biometrics has been shown to be critical to deal with the increasing incidents of fraud challenges in highly secure identity authentication systems. Chandran and Elgar [10], [11] introduced a branch of 1 dimension (1D) HOS encoding techniques that is invariant to scale, level shift, translation and amplification These properties are significant for dealing with the non-ideal deformation caused in the imaging systems. The proposed approach is novel in decomposing the periocular region into an elliptical coordinate grid to make the encoding robust to scale, translation and simplifying head rotation, which may happen frequently in real life applications This sampling technique coupled with the robustness of HOS features lead to a powerful feature extraction technique for periocular. We propose a new fusion approach based on bilinear pooling to effectively fuse left and right perioculars of the same subject These two new contributions result in higher accuracy of recognition. The remaining of this paper is structured as follows: Section II reviews state-of-the-art approaches in periocular recognition; Section III provides technical background on Higher Order Spectra features; Section IV presents the proposed approach, Elliptical Higher-order-spectra Periocular Code, in recognizing perioculars; Section V explains a wide range of experiments on two databases: JAFFE and FRGC; and Section VI concludes the paper

PERIOCULAR RECOGNITION

PROPOSED ELLIPTICAL HOS ENCODING APPROACH FOR PERIOCULAR RECOGNITION

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

CONCLUSION