Abstract
The first step of mRNA synthesis begins with the recruitment and stabilization of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and other components of the transcription apparatus to the promoter and formation of a preinitiation complex. This step of transcription initiation has been considered the rate-limiting step and controls expression of a significant number of genes. Recent evidence has also demonstrated that transcriptional control at the postinitiation steps, including promoter proximal pausing and elongation, are central for regulating gene expression (Adelman and Lis, 2012).
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