ELISA-Based Assay for Studying Major and Minor Group Rhinovirus-Receptor Interactions.

Petra Pazderova,Rudolf Valenta,Katarzyna Niespodziana,Sabine Flicker,Eva E Waltl,Verena Niederberger-Leppin

doi:10.3390/vaccines8020315

Abstract

Rhinovirus (RV) infections are a major cause of recurrent common colds and trigger severe exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases. Major challenges for the development of vaccines for RV include the virus occurring in the form of approximately 160 different serotypes, using different receptors, and the need for preclinical models for the screening of vaccine candidates and antiviral compounds. We report the establishment and characterization of an ELISA-based assay for studying major and minor group RV–receptor interactions. This assay is based on the interaction of purified virus with plate-bound human receptor proteins, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Using RV strain-specific antibodies, we demonstrate the specific binding of a panel of major and minor RV group types including RV-A and RV-B strains to ICAM-1 and LDLR, respectively. We show that the RV–receptor interaction can be blocked with receptor-specific antibodies as well as with soluble receptors and neutralizing RV-specific antibodies. The assay is more sensitive than a cell culture-based virus neutralization test. The ELISA assay will therefore be useful for the preclinical evaluation for preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the RV–receptor interaction, such as vaccines, antibodies, and anti-viral compounds.

Highlights

Rhinovirus (RV) infections are the major cause of recurrent common colds and are responsible for more than 80% of wheeze and asthma exacerbations in children [1,2]
RV infections are the major cause of recurrent common colds and one of the most trigger factors exacerbating respiratory illnesses such as wheeze, asthma, and chronic obstructive important trigger factors exacerbating respiratory illnesses such as wheeze, asthma, and chronic pulmonary disease (COPD)
Major challenges to the development of RV vaccines and that inhibit RV infections compounds that are the diversity of RV types and their targeting of different receptors

Summary

Introduction

Rhinovirus (RV) infections are the major cause of recurrent common colds and are responsible for more than 80% of wheeze and asthma exacerbations in children [1,2]. RV-induced wheeze in early childhood seems to predispose children to developing recurrent wheeze and asthma later in life [3]. RV infections are among the most common triggers for asthma [4]. More than 160 different RV types are known [5]. They can be divided into three RV species—RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C—according to their primary sequence; they are known to bind to defined receptors on their host cells. The majority of major group RVs belonging to RV-A and RV-B species bind to Vaccines 2020, 8, 315; doi:10.3390/vaccines8020315 www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines

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