Abstract
The present investigations were carried out in order to study the disappearance rate in reindeer of famphur (0,O-dimethyl-O,p-(NtN-di-methylsulphamoyl) phenyl phosphorothioate), a promising systemic parasiticide for the control of reindeer warble and nostril flies. The compound was administered intramuscularly to reindeer as a single dose (in the form of the preparation Warbcx). At a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (2 animals) famphur caused inhibition of plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities by about 50 %. The plasma esterase activity fell off rapidly, within 24 hrs., and returned to normal within 3 weeks, whereas the erythrocyte esterase activity decreased gradually and remained low for at least 4 weeks after dosing. Peak plasma levels of fampliiir, varying between 1 and 16 p.p.m., were attained within 5–33 hrs., after a dose of 30 mg famphur per kg body weight (7 reindeer). The plasma levels declined to below 0.02 p.p.m. in 72–96 hrs. Famoxon, the oxygen analogue of famphur, was observed for 1–2 days in plasma at low levels, amounting to about 10 % of the corresponding famphur levels. In erythrocytes practically no residues were found of either compound. Tissue residue levels were low — except at the injection site. In a series of animals given a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight and killed at varying times after treatment famphur or famoxon were detectable in liver for 4.5 days and in kidney and skeletal muscle remote from the injection site for 12 days. In muscle tissue from the injection site highly variable residue levels were observed, indicating absorption from the intramuscular depot to be erratic. The experimental results suggest that no appreciable consumer hazard would arise from a proposed single-dose intramuscular treatment of reindeer with famphur at a dosage not exceeding 30 mg/kg body weight, provided a minimum interval of 3 weeks is maintained between treatment and slaughter and the muscle tissue around the injection site is discarded.
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