Abstract
Source-separation and treatment of urine are recognized as promising strategies to recover nutrients, as well as reduce the stress of terminal wastewater treatment plants. As a ubiquitous constituent of urine, NH4+ has been demonstrated to induce the generation of nitro-byproducts in sulfate radical (SO4•−) dominated oxidation processes. In this work, wheat straw derived biochar (BCX, X represents the pyrolysis temperature) was prepared and adopted to eliminate sulfadiazine (SDZ) and its main human metabolite N4-acetyl-sulfadiazine (NSDZ) from hydrolyzed urine by coupling with periodate (PI). Specifically, BC800/PI process achieved excellent SDZ (0.190 h−1) abatement, which was more efficient than NSDZ. HCO3− and NH4+ significantly inhibited the removal processes whilst Cl− showed neglected effect. Both in situ and ex situ analysis excluded the dominant role of •OH, 1O2, O2•– and/or •IO3. Instead, electron-transfer regime driven by the high potential BC800-PI* complexes played a significant role. Interestingly, BC800/PI and CoFe2O4/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) (a typical SO4•−-dominated oxidation process) exhibited comparable removal efficiencies towards SDZ. Four nitro-byproducts were identified in CoFe2O4/PMS process but negligible in BC800/PI process during SDZ treatment, revealing the merit of BC800/PI process. Eventually, the toxicity prediction and bactericidal experiments further implied that BC800/PI process was eco-friendly. This study proposed a heterogeneous BC800/PI process for the treatment of source-separated urine and comprehensively demonstrated the advantages of its low costs and environmental risk.
Published Version
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
