Abstract
The Internet of things (IoT), including power meters, water meters, natural gas meters, and meter collectors in an open metering system (OMS), which is dispersed around the user side, relies on wireless virtual private networks (VPNs) to communicate with head end, and thus it is exposed to malicious cyber attacks. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), which is vulnerable to rogue femtocells, is widely used for communication among meter collectors and the head end. Because telecommunication fraud related to rogue femtocells is a serious offence, rogue femtocells will be turned on for some time and immediately turned off and moved from here to there to escape from being caught. The signal strength (SS) of rogue femtocells is characterized by abrupt changes. Because meter collectors and lawful femtocells are deployed at the fixed location, there is a notable difference between signal strength profile of lawful and rogue femtocells. Prior knowledge of variation of signal strength is utilized to formulate rules to detect rogue femtocells. An expert system is developed to detect rogue femtocells and prevent meter collectors from attaching to them. Numerical simulation indicates that the proposed approach can detect both stationary and moving rogue femtocells online. Since computation load of the proposed approach is not high, it can be implemented in existing IoT meter collectors with limited computation resource and the proposed approach can harden cyber security of OMS.
Highlights
Open metering system (OMS) is an infrastructure integrating natural gas meters, water meters, and electricity meters together with advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) [1]. e natural gas meters and water meters communicate with meter collectors in the same way as electricity meters. e meter collectors collect electricity, water, and gas usage data and upload them to the head end of OMS [2, 3]
In an OMS, while water/gas meters communicate with meter collectors via wireless M-Bus, electricity meters communicate via power line communication (PLC) or RS-485. e meter collectors communicate with the head end of OMS via the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) [4, 5]
Unlike mobile communication terminals such as mobile phones, both meter collectors and lawful femtocells are located in the fixed places. erefore, signal strength of neighboring lawful femtocells sensed by a meter collector has similar profile, which is notably different from that of a rogue femtocell. e difference in the signal strength (SS) profile of rogue and lawful femtocells is utilized as a radio fingerprint, and an expert system is developed to detect rogue femtocells in this paper
Summary
Open metering system (OMS) is an infrastructure integrating natural gas meters, water meters, and electricity meters together with advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) [1]. e natural gas meters and water meters communicate with meter collectors in the same way as electricity meters. e meter collectors collect electricity, water, and gas usage data and upload them to the head end of OMS [2, 3]. E meter collectors collect electricity, water, and gas usage data and upload them to the head end of OMS [2, 3]. E meter collectors communicate with the head end of OMS via the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) [4, 5]. Erefore, signal strength of neighboring lawful femtocells sensed by a meter collector has similar profile, which is notably different from that of a rogue femtocell. E difference in the signal strength (SS) profile of rogue and lawful femtocells is utilized as a radio fingerprint, and an expert system is developed to detect rogue femtocells in this paper. E second contribution consists of developing a signal strength profile clustering based on an expert system to detect rogue femtocells.
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